environmental justice

Celebrating this Year’s Plastic Free July

In the more than ten years since Plastic Free July began, the global movement to reduce plastic pollution has grown into one of the world’s largest environmental campaigns. Every July, millions of people, organizations, businesses, and communities take action to reduce their reliance on single-use plastics while promoting more sustainable, zero waste alternatives.

At GAIA, Plastic Free July is an opportunity to highlight the urgent need to reduce plastic production, expand community-led zero waste solutions, and advocate for policies that protect both people and the planet. Together, we can stop plastic pollution while strengthening local economies, protecting public health, and building resilient communities worldwide.

Learn more about our plastics work

Why Plastic Pollution Is a Global Environmental and Health Crisis

The science is clear: plastic overproduction is causing a worldwide environmental and public health crisis. Plastic pollutes at each stage of its existence, from fossil fuel extraction, manufacturing, use, and disposal in dumps, incinerators, or the open environment.  Microplastics are found contaminating our food, drinking water, and even our bodies, and plastic contains thousands of chemicals, some of which are known to be toxic to humans. Single-use plastic is used for seconds before thrown away, where it will remain forever as trash, or burned in an incinerator– turning it into air pollution and toxic ash or sludge, threatening the health of communities nearby. Much of this waste is also shipped from higher income countries to areas of the Global South who then have to deal with the toxic burden of other people’s pollution, called “waste colonialism.” 

Plastic pollution affects every ecosystem on Earth. From oceans and rivers to agricultural soils and urban communities, plastic waste threatens biodiversity, contaminates food systems, and disproportionately impacts communities already facing environmental injustice. Reducing plastic production is one of the most effective ways to address the problem at its source.

How Plastic Production Contributes to Climate Change

Not only is plastic a threat to our health and environment but plastic is also a significant concern for our climate. More than 99% of plastics are made of fossil fuels, and if plastic’s life cycle were a country, it would be the fifth largest emitter of greenhouse gases in the world, and unless the world takes action, primary plastic production will consume 21-31% of the global carbon budget by 2050. 

Reducing plastic production is not only a waste issue—it is also a climate solution. Every stage of the plastic life cycle generates greenhouse gas emissions, making plastic reduction an essential strategy for meeting global climate goals and protecting future generations.

Learn more about our climate work

The Plastics Treaty: A Battle for Production Reduction

Thanks to the advocacy of Indigenous Peoples and civil society organizations worldwide, in 2021 the United Nations began a process to develop a plastics treaty that addresses pollution at each stage of its life cycle, from extraction to disposal. GAIA members and other civil society leaders have been at each round of negotiations demanding a strong treaty that cuts plastic production. The process has been far from ideal: hundreds of Industry lobbyists are present, and petrochemical producing countries have worked to water down the treaty and stall negotiations. However, a large group of countries, particularly in Africa and other parts of the world most impacted and least responsible for the crisis, have not backed down on such topics as human health, a strong financial mechanism, and of course, reducing plastic production. As negotiations continue, GAIA remains committed to supporting ambitious governments and civil society organizations working toward a legally binding plastics treaty that addresses the full life cycle of plastics—from extraction to disposal—and prioritizes human health, environmental justice, and meaningful reductions in plastic production.

Check out our plastics treaty campaign page!

How GAIA and Communities Are Advancing Zero Waste Solutions

The zero waste solutions to the plastic crisis put forward by GAIA members around the world are gaining momentum: there is now even a United Nations Day of Zero Waste, and more and more countries are recognizing zero waste as a key climate solution. GAIA members are working with their cities to develop community-led zero waste systems that phase out plastic use while strengthening local economies, some of which were recognized by the United Nations in their list 20 Cities Towards Zero Waste this year. To date over 500 cities have committed to zero waste, and over 122 million people are living in a zero waste city. Our Zero Waste Academies have brought together over 500 participants from around the world to learn about how to develop and strengthen their zero waste projects. 

These community-led initiatives demonstrate that zero waste systems are not only possible—they are already delivering measurable environmental, economic, and public health benefits. By investing in waste prevention, reuse, composting and recycling instead of disposal, communities can reduce plastic pollution while creating local jobs and strengthening climate resilience.

Learn more about our zero waste work

Take the Plastic Free July Challenge

To get to a world free from plastic pollution, it’ll take both individual and collective action. Join us in the Plastic Free July challenge! Here are some actions you can take locally and in your daily life to reduce your plastic footprint:

  • Bring your own bag to go shopping
  • Ask for reusable foodware at your local establishments
  • Bring a reusable bottle with you to stay hydrated and go waste-free
  • Support local zero waste businesses 
  • Choose products with minimal or refillable packaging whenever possible.
  • Support policies and businesses that prioritize reuse over single-use plastics.

How You Can Help Reduce Plastic Pollution

Ending plastic pollution requires both individual action and systemic change. Whether you support local zero waste initiatives, advocate for stronger policies, or become part of GAIA’s global network, every action contributes to a healthier and more just future.

  • Donate. Your donation supports GAIA and incredible grassroots leaders fighting pollution, building movements, and transforming transforming cities into places centered on community power, worker rights, racial justice, gender equity, sustainability, and resilience. 
  • Find a GAIA member in your region. GAIA has members in Asia Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, Europe, the U.S. and Canada, and Africa. 
  • Already with an organization? Become a GAIA member! You will join an alliance of over 1,000 groups in over 100 countries, and gain access to materials that support local campaigning, regional and cross-regional power-building, and support from regional GAIA staff. 

Frequently Asked Questions About Plastic Free July

What is Plastic Free July?

Plastic Free July is a global movement that encourages people to reduce their use of single-use plastics and adopt more sustainable habits throughout July and beyond.

Why is plastic pollution harmful?

Plastic pollution contaminates ecosystems, threatens wildlife, contributes to climate change, and exposes people to microplastics and harmful chemicals throughout the plastic life cycle.

What are microplastics?

Microplastics are tiny plastic particles that have been found in oceans, rivers, soil, drinking water, food, and even the human body. They are created as larger plastic items break down over time.

How does plastic contribute to climate change?

More than 99% of plastics are made from fossil fuels. Greenhouse gas emissions occur during extraction, production, transportation, use, and disposal, making plastic pollution closely linked to the climate crisis.

What is the Plastics Treaty?

The plastics treaty is an international effort led through the United Nations to create legally binding measures that address plastic pollution across the entire plastic life cycle.

What is zero waste?

According to the Zero Waste International Alliance, zero waste is the conservation of all resources by means of responsible production, consumption, reuse, and recovery of products, packaging, and materials without burning and with no discharges to land, water, or air that threaten the environment or human health. Zero waste is both a goal and a plan of action to achieve it. 

Plastic Free July reminds us that ending plastic pollution requires both everyday actions and ambitious regional and international policies. Communities around the world are already proving that zero waste systems, reduced plastic production, and environmental justice go hand in hand.

By supporting local solutions, advocating for a strong plastics treaty, and choosing to reduce plastic waste in our daily lives, we can help create healthier communities and a more sustainable future.

Join GAIA in building a world beyond plastic pollution—not just in July, but every day of the year.

A hopeful narrative in need of consistent implementation

This past June 5–7, GAIA was present at the second Global Zero Waste Forum, organized by the Zero Waste Foundation in Istanbul, Türkiye, under the theme “Road to Antalya: Zero Waste as Climate Action.” The attendance was massive, with over 5,000 participants from 183 countries. Keynote presentations were delivered by Türkiye’s President Recep Erdoğan, First Lady Emine Erdoğan (Honorary President of the Zero Waste Foundation), and Samed Ağırbaş (President of the Foundation and Climate High-Level Champion for COP31).

For those working to transition from linear waste management systems to zero waste, the Forum was a pleasant surprise. The program was well-designed and reflected the true spirit of zero waste by emphasizing upstream interventions and framing zero waste as a driver of systemic change. Discussions on reuse, repair, financing the transition to zero waste, and recognizing waste pickers were among the essential conversations needed to move away from wasteful societies. It was refreshing to attend a mainstream waste event where the focus was not on landfills, incinerators, or extravagant and expensive methods for processing single-use plastics that should not be produced in the first place. Neil Khor, Advisor to the President of the UN Habitat Assembly and to the Zero Waste Foundation, summed up the spirit of the Forum when he stated: “Landfill and incineration are not zero waste.”

It is also promising to see a UN member state advocating for zero waste and gaining traction among other governments and actors in the waste and climate sectors. Although there is still no universally accepted definition of zero waste, the approach presented at the Forum offers hope by clearly moving in the right direction. The zero waste movement’s task now is to advocate for this orientation to remain on track and avoid being co-opted by the waste management industry and others seeking to maintain the status quo of linear waste systems.

The strong connection between zero waste and climate was another major strength of the Forum. Following the COP31 Presidency’s push to place zero waste as a top priority in the Climate Action Agenda, the Forum made significant progress in demonstrating how zero waste is a cross-cutting strategy for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Several panels explored how action can be taken at different levels—from cities to international agencies.

However, the lack of local civil society representatives among speakers and participants was obvious and regrettable. Many organizations and research groups are doing fantastic work on waste and climate change and should have been invited. Their participation would have enriched the panels with real-world experiences and knowledge, while also paving the way for zero waste implementation in Türkiye. After the Forum, many GAIA members and allies met with the İstanbul Geri Dönüşüm İşçileri Derneği (Istanbul’s Recycling Workers Association – ISGDIDER) at one of the materials recovery facilities they manage. We learned firsthand about the experience of those who sustain the country’s recycling system despite significant challenges and lack of recognition. These workers’ experience is central to advancing zero waste in Türkiye, and it would have been invaluable for Forum participants to learn about their work and hear their perspectives.

The Forum left many of us with a sense of hope, grounded in the right focus of the discussions: viewing zero waste as a way to drive systemic change and address climate change. Yet, important gaps remain: How does this translate into practice? How is Türkiye advancing zero waste implementation internally? As Lhermie Areja, a government official from Siquijor, Philippines, stated at the Forum: “Zero waste is not a dream. It is a decision.” And as noted in the declaration signed by over 120 civil society organizations, the zero waste agenda must reinforce, not replace, a binding global roadmap for fossil fuel phase-out.

The run-up to COP31 offers Türkiye an opportunity to build a zero waste legacy internally and demand greater consistency in taking action and creating pathways for implementing commitments. For instance, the target announced by the COP31 Presidency to “halve the growth in global waste by 2035” is directionally correct but lacks the clarity needed for policy credibility. If COP31 is serious about a zero waste agenda, success must be measured in concrete outcomes: absolute reductions in waste generation, measurable methane cuts from organic waste, reduced plastic production, a shift of climate finance toward zero waste implementation, and a just transition for waste pickers and waste workers.

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GAIA’s Cecilia Allen
Recycling is garbage without waste pickers!
Zero Waste Stories from the Global South: Nipe Fagio in Tanzania, Instituto Polis in Brazil, Mother Earth Foundation in the Philippines
Zero Waste Europe’s Joan Marc Simon
GAIA Delegation Site Visit to an IAWP Affiliate Facility

For 10 days in the Philippines, environmental advocates from across the world moved through neighbourhoods before sunrise with waste pickers, sorted discarded plastics by hand, observed community composting systems, and studied how ordinary residents are helping to build functioning zero-waste communities. 

This included six environmental organisations from Africa (Uganda, Tanzania, Nigeria, Ghana and Togo.) The experience, participants from Africa say, challenged long-held assumptions about waste management and offered practical lessons that could help African communities confront the growing crisis of plastic pollution.

The Asia-Pacific Zero Waste Academy, co-organised by the Mother Earth Foundation and GAIA Asia Pacific, brought together 36 participants from 12 countries for an intensive training programme on community-level zero-waste implementation. Through workshops, field visits and study tours, participants were exposed to waste segregation systems, reuse and refill models, composting initiatives and material recovery facilities operating across communities in the Philippines.

The programme sought to demonstrate that zero waste “is not just a concept, it is a system we can build”.

Participants engaged directly with waste pickers and community waste workers in barangays such as San Agustin, where they participated in waste collection exercises, monitoring activities, and community education campaigns. They also conducted baseline surveys and observed how local governments and residents collaborate to sustain waste management systems.

Visits to material recovery facilities in Dampalit, Malabon City, San Fernando, and Barangay Malpitic in Pampanga offered practical insights into waste-sorting, recycling, and reduction systems. Attendees later travelled to Dumaguete City for dialogues with members of the Dumaguete Waste Workers Association and the Philippines National Waste Pickers Alliance, where discussions focused on the social and economic dimensions of zero-waste systems.

For End Plastic Pollution, Mazingira Plus, Up Cycle It Ghana, NGO Jeunes Verts Togo, and CODAF, the experience challenged assumptions about what is required to build sustainable waste systems.

Abdalla Mikulu, executive director of Mazingira Plus in Tanzania, said the academy deepened his understanding of how women-led community systems are addressing plastic pollution and organic waste challenges.

“I was especially inspired by the adaptability of reuse and refill models across different local contexts and their role in reducing single-use plastics,” he said. “It reinforced that zero waste systems can be designed to fit both low- and high-income communities through context-specific approaches.”

Participants also undertook Waste Assessment and Brand Audits (Waba), sorting through discarded packaging to trace patterns of production and consumption. The exercise examined how single-use packaging travels across borders into local communities and highlighted the structural systems driving plastic pollution.

The academy concluded with “The Great Challenge”, during which participants designed practical zero waste implementation plans. The African participants presented a model for implementing a zero waste system in a community in Togo, focusing on reuse, refill systems and organic waste management.

Nirere Sadrach, founder of End Plastic Pollution Uganda, described the programme as an opportunity to gain practical knowledge that could strengthen zero-waste projects in Uganda.

“It was an opportunity to experience the practice of waste segregation, reuse, refill and composting, and to work with waste pickers and community leaders to ensure the functionality of the zero waste model,” he said.

For Melody Enyinnaya of CODAF Nigeria, the academy marked “a paradigm shift”.

“Witnessing communities in Malabon, San Fernando and Siquijor living proof that zero waste is not a distant ideal but an achievable, everyday reality, powered by strong legislation, community ownership and remarkably simple infrastructure, has completely transformed how I approach our work in Nigeria,” she said.

She argued that African countries require “stronger political will, better data, and communities that are trusted and empowered to lead” rather than expensive technologies.

Frank Sekyere of Upcycle It Ghana said the programme demonstrated that adopting zero waste approaches was “a necessary step towards a sustainable future”.

“The hands-on experience, particularly with the 10 steps to zero waste implementation, was truly eye-opening,” he said. “Every effort, no matter how small, plays a vital role in creating a cleaner, more sustainable world.”

Raissa Oureya of the NGO Jeunes Verts Togo said the academy demonstrated that zero-waste communities can be built with locally available resources and strong local leadership.

“I am returning motivated and full of energy to implement the zero waste project in my municipality, Golfe 4,” she said. “Zero waste is not perfect, but it’s possible.”

ENDS.

By: Green Knowledge Foundation

Every morning in Nigeria’s Benin City, before traffic builds up and markets awaken, faint plumes of smoke rise from heaps of waste scattered across open spaces. In Jos, plastic bags cling to drainage channels after heavy rains. On the outskirts of Abuja, government-approved dumpsites quietly ferment under the sun. In Lagos, Africa’s most populous city, towering landfills on the city’s fringes swell daily as trucks unload tons of mixed waste, while clogged canals and lagoons trap floating debris beneath the humid coastal air.

What appears to be ordinary waste is, in reality, an invisible climate threat: Methane.

Across Nigeria’s rapidly growing cities, unmanaged organic waste is releasing one of the most potent greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The Multi-Solving Action to Methane Reduction in Nigeria (MAMRN) Project was conceived in response to this urgent environmental challenge.

When organic waste, food scraps, green waste, and agricultural residues decompose in oxygen-deprived conditions, such as open dumpsites, they produce methane (CH₄). Methane is not just another greenhouse gas. It is over 80 times more potent than carbon dioxide in the short term, responsible for nearly half of the global warming already experienced, and the second-most-important anthropogenic greenhouse gas after Carbon dioxide (CO₂).

Municipal solid waste landfills globally account for approximately 11% of anthropogenic methane emissions. For every tonne of waste sent to landfill, an estimated 50–100 kg of methane may be released; equivalent to roughly 1,610 kg of Carbon dioxide (CO₂) per tonne due to methane’s high global warming potential.

Nigeria generates over 32 million tons of municipal solid waste annually, yet only about 20–30% is formally collected. More than 90% of waste in many developing regions ends up in open dumpsites, waterways, unused land, or is openly burned. 

Nigeria’s waste composition is particularly significant: approximately 50–60% of municipal solid waste is organic. This means that a large proportion of waste entering dumpsites is actively generating methane. In 2021, methane accounted for 44.6% of Nigeria’s total greenhouse gas emissions, making it one of the country’s most critical climate pollutants.

With Nigeria’s population estimated at over 223 million and projected to rise significantly by 2050, urban centres such as Benin City, Jos, Lagos, and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) are expanding rapidly. Urbanisation, rising consumption patterns, and limited infrastructure have widened the gap between waste generation and effective management.

Globally, about 2.01 billion metric tonnes of municipal solid waste are produced annually, and this is expected to increase by 70% by 2050. Sub-Saharan Africa alone is projected to reach 269 million tonnes of waste per year by 2030. Nigeria mirrors this trajectory.

Nigeria is already experiencing the effects of climate change, including increased flooding and stormwater runoff, coastal erosion and sea-level rise, rising temperatures and heat waves, agricultural productivity losses, food insecurity and water scarcity, and increased disease outbreaks. Open dumpsites worsen these impacts. During heavy rainfall, flooding dislodges waste, spreading pollutants into homes, schools, and water bodies. Methane buildup within dumpsites also presents explosion hazards.

Rather than treating waste as a burden, the MAMRN project reimagines it as a resource. Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) are being established to divert organic waste from dumpsites, process it into compost, sort recyclables such as plastics, glass, paper, and e-waste, integrate and strengthen the role of waste pickers, and reduce methane emissions at the source. Each facility is initially designed to manage approximately 260 tons of waste annually.

By converting organic waste into compost, the project improves soil health, reduces dependence on petroleum-based fertilisers, supports climate-smart agriculture, and minimises methane emissions from decomposition. Farmers are trained through the My Zero Waste Farm Project, with at least 20 farmers per state serving as trainers to expand adoption across communities. Organic waste is also processed through Black Soldier Fly (BSF) farming to produce high-protein animal feed, organic fertiliser, and new livelihood opportunities. This model strengthens local food systems while reducing methane emissions from landfills.

Methane reduction through improved waste management delivers multiple benefits, including lower greenhouse gas emissions, reduced flooding and pollution, improved public health outcomes, job creation for waste pickers and farmers, strengthened urban food systems, and contributions to SDGs 1, 2, 6, 7, and 13. The project aligns with Nigeria’s long-term low-emission development strategy, aiming to reduce emissions by 50% by 2050 and to transition to a circular economy.

Methane may be invisible, but its impacts are not. The rising temperatures, flooded streets, polluted waterways, and strained agricultural systems across Nigeria tell a visible story of climate vulnerability. The MAMRN Project represents a shift from open dumping to resource recovery, from unmanaged emissions to data-driven reductions, and from environmental degradation to circular-economy solutions.

By diverting organic waste, empowering communities, integrating informal waste workers, and influencing policy, Nigeria takes a practical step toward reducing methane emissions and building climate resilience. The future of Nigerian cities depends not only on how much waste is produced, but on how wisely it is managed. 

The path forward requires action from everyone.  Policymakers can strengthen regulatory frameworks that recognise waste pickers as formal climate workers and prioritise waste-sector investments in national climate plans. Development partners and funders can direct climate finance toward community-led Material Recovery Facilities and methane monitoring infrastructure. 

Businesses can adopt circular procurement practices, reducing organic waste across supply chains and supporting compost markets. Farmers can integrate compost and Black Soldier Fly products into their practices, improving soil health while cutting dependence on chemical fertilisers. And as a reader, you can start where you are: composting at home, supporting local waste initiatives, or simply sharing this blog post to grow awareness. 

In that transformation lies the power to slow global warming, protect communities, and build a cleaner, more sustainable future.

This article is the second in a series on the Methane Reduction in Nigeria (MAMRN) Project, implemented in collaboration with CfEW Jos, SraDev Lagos, Pave Lagos, CODAF Epe Lagos, and SEDI Benin City.

By: OUREYA RAISSA

From April 18 to 26, 2026, I participated in the Zero Waste Academy: Community Zero Waste Program Implementation Course, hosted by GAIA Asia-Pacific and the Mother Earth Foundation in Manila, the vibrant capital of the Philippines. The event brought together people committed to building a world beyond throwaway culture. 

For nine intensive days, activists, experts, practitioners, and young leaders from around the world came together to learn, exchange ideas, and develop practical approaches for a fair and sustainable transition to zero waste. I felt deeply honoured to be part of this experience. 

Exploring the global challenges to achieve  zero waste 

The Zero Waste Academy was far more than a typical conference. It was a safe learning space rooted in the realities of local communities that are too often left out of mainstream discussions. Conversations were open and honest, critical thinking was encouraged, and the mix of participants from Asia and Africa created a powerful exchange of perspectives. It was a rare environment where ideas were tested, assumptions challenged, and learning happened both in the sessions and in conversations with fellow participants. For me, it was a transformative experience. 

Over the course of the week, several key issues were explored: 

False solutions under scrutiny: the case of waste-to-energy 

One of the sessions focused on false solutions, especially Waste-to-Energy (WtE), which burns waste to produce energy. Although some industry and institutional actors present it as a climate solution, the session clearly showed its limits. 

Using evidence and data, speakers explained that waste incineration releases greenhouse gases and toxic pollutants, destroys recyclable materials, and diverts investment away from truly circular systems. Rather than solving the waste crisis, Waste-to-Energy reinforces the same cycle of overproduction and disposal that zero-waste principles seek to end. This is a lesson I will carry into my future advocacy. 

A just transition: leaving no one behind 

Another major theme was the idea of a just transition. I was especially moved by the recognition given to waste pickers and by the acknowledgement of their strength and resilience. These workers, mostly women, collect, sort, and sell materials every day, making an essential contribution to the recycling system. 

Organic waste: an overlooked opportunity 

Organic waste accounts for more than half of household waste in much of the Global South, yet it is still often dumped or burned, producing significant methane emissions. The Academy dedicated several sessions to this issue, especially community composting solutions.  

For African stakeholders, these approaches are particularly relevant: they are low-cost, adapted to local realities, create jobs, reduce emissions, and improve both soil fertility and food security. 

Reuse and its benefits: reclaiming control of our resources 

Reuse was also a major topic of discussion. In response to the growing volume of single-use products, many local initiatives are already adopting deposit-return systems and reusable packaging as practical alternatives. What struck me most was that these solutions do not depend on advanced technology. They depend primarily on cultural change and community mobilisation—qualities that Africa already has in abundance. 

MRFs: seeing zero waste in practice 

One of the week’s highlights was the visit to Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) in several barangays in Manila. These community-based sorting and recycling centres, often modest in scale, show what zero waste can look like in practice. They recover materials, return them to the local economy, and create decent jobs within neighbourhoods. 

Seeing these facilities in operation convinced me even more that zero waste is not just a theory for wealthy countries. Communities with limited resources in the Global South are already making it work. It may not be perfect, but it is real, practical, and effective. 

What I am bringing back to Lomé 

I am returning to Lomé with more than memories—I am returning with a plan. 

What I saw in Manila strengthened my determination to help advance a Zero Waste Plan for Lomé. The plan would be practical, community-driven, and rooted in the realities of our neighbourhoods. It would focus on creating local MRF centres, recovering organic waste, supporting informal recycling workers, and involving young people as agents of change. 

This effort cannot be built alone. It will require young people, community actors, municipal authorities, and everyone who believes, as I do, that Lomé can become a leading zero-waste city in Francophone Africa. Zero waste is possible. It does not need to be perfect. It simply needs to begin. 

The government cannot address waste alone. As civil society organisations, we also have a responsibility to help build a zero-waste future. – Raïssa Oureya 

BY: OUREYA RAISSA, NGO Jeunes Verts, Togo,  GAIA Africa Member 

UN gives global recognition to community-based zero waste systems

The theme for this year’s UN Day of Zero Waste— food waste– could not be more timely. Approximately 1.05 to 1.3 billion tons of food are wasted or lost globally each year, amounting to roughly one-third of all food produced for human consumption. Not only is the amount of wasted food staggering, but it also worsens the climate crisis: the waste sector is the third largest source of human-caused methane emissions–  a short-lived greenhouse gas that traps 82.5 times as much heat as CO2 over a 20-year timespan.

The good news is municipalities across the world have implemented simple, affordable solutions to the food waste crisis, with remarkable results. By simply preventing good food from being thrown away and composting the rest, cities have protected public health, created more and better jobs, and boosted both waste diversion and resilient food systems.  

Today in honor of the United Nations Day of Zero Waste,  the United Nations Environment Program and UN-Habitat have recognized five of our members’ zero waste cities projects in the Global South in their selection of 20 Cities Towards Zero Waste, elevating these programs as a blueprint for other cities around the world to follow. 

So what do these five zero waste programs have in common that made them a globally recognized model? In short– a dedication to social and environmental justice.

Varkala, India: Building the “Green Army”

Varkala, a municipality in the southern Indian state of Kerala, has been working with the guidance and support of GAIA member Thanal to build out zero waste systems for the past several years. The beauty of its organic waste program is that it employs a range of decentralized technologies that make organic waste management accessible on a household level. This includes kitchen composting bins, pipe composting units, biogas plants, aerobic bins, and community resource recovery centers that together address 72% of the city’s municipal solid waste. The program achieved compliance rates for source separation of 80% in the residential sector and 88% in the commercial sector within just five years, nearly half which is organic waste.

But the secret to Varkala’s success is two-fold: community engagement, and waste picker empowerment. Led by Thanal, the city engages residents through the “Green Army,” a campaign platform educating schoolchildren and neighborhoods on segregation and composting. Thanal also runs a Zero Waste Centre that functions as a resource recovery and training hub, empowering women through sustainable employment and fostering innovation in waste processing near the source. Women-led self-help groups participate actively in waste collection and composting, promoting social inclusion and providing employment opportunities within marginalized communities.

Read the case study

Accra, Ghana: A Masterclass in Community Engagement

Green Africa Youth Organization (GAYO), in Ghana, launched campus eco-clubs. ©GAYO

Accra deserves recognition for pioneering inclusive and effective waste management solutions through its partnership with the Green Africa Youth Organization (GAYO), empowering informal workers, reducing landfill dependence, and promoting circular economy approaches in a rapidly urbanizing African city. Accra has made significant strides in diverting waste from landfills and is working to go beyond through engaging with the LOW-M Initiative, which supports cities to reduce waste methane emissions and unlock implementation by mobilising partner support. GAYO’s work on methane reduction with organic waste treatment project was named winner of the world’s most prestigious environmental prize in the clean air category, the Earthshot Prize, in 2024. 

The city raises awareness through community campaigns, school engagement, educational workshops, and partnerships that promote source separation and composting. GAYO’s model centers marginalized groups by formally integrating over 600 informal waste workers, including many women and youth, providing training, fair employment, health and safety advocacy, and opportunities to participate as community educators. 

Read the blog

Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Collaboration is Key 

(c) Nipe Fagio

Dar Es Salaam has had incredible success in its zero waste program, collecting 1.74 tonnes of waste daily from 4.500 households (95%), achieving virtually 100% of organic waste diversion from disposal, equivalent to a reduction of 16.4 tonnes of methane emissions per year. GAIA member Nipe Fagio has been supporting the Tanzanian government every step of the way, engaging residents on zero waste through community-based campaigns involving door-to-door visits, and community surveys that motivate behavioral change and proper waste management. 

This community-driven model integrates waste picker cooperatives– supporting the newly launched Tanzania Waste Pickers Association (TAWAPA). This includes formal training programs and support, equipment, skills development, and leadership training that improve their working conditions. The Dar es Salaam model has taken off:  interest generated by word-of-mouth has led to expansion within the city and then to other jurisdictions the country, including Zanzibar, Arusha and Tanga.  There is great interest across Africa for their Zero Waste Academies, which provided microgrants for zero waste implementation in 9 African countries.  

Read the blog

San Fernando, Philippines: Win-Win for All

Waste worker in San Fernando, Philippines, working on the composting area of a Material Recovery Facility. ©VJ Villafranca.

San Fernando has long been heralded as a zero waste model globally, having begun its zero waste journey over a decade ago.  The city improved waste diversion from 12% in 2012 to 80.69% in 2018, with a compliance rate in source separation of 93%. Through its zero waste system, the municipality has been able to reduce disposal costs by nearly half, from USD 1.4M to about USD 677K annually. 

GAIA member Mother Earth Foundation (MEF) provides vital technical, educational, and advocacy support that powers the city’s zero waste systems. One example is an intensive public information, education campaign to encourage residents’ participation, with incentives like a contest for the best-performing neighborhood (called barangay) on a live TV show called “Win-win for All.” MEF also helped organize a 160 person waste workers association that was formalized by the city– enhancing livelihoods, upgrading their working conditions, income, and social recognition while improving waste collection services. 

San Fernando’s success is part of the Zero Waste Cities Network Philippines, which shares replicable strategies, governance models, and advocacy lessons to other cities nationwide. 

Read the case study

Florianópolis

Florianopolis deserves recognition as a top zero waste city for its ambitious and effective Florianópolis Capital Lixo Zero program, alongside pioneering community composting and inclusive waste recovery efforts that have radically reduced organic waste sent to disposal. With the technical support of GAIA member Instituto Pólis, in just three years Florianopolis has more than quadrupled food waste composting from 1,175 tonnes in 2020 to 5,126 tonnes in 2024, and doubled green organic waste collection. 

The city raises awareness of zero waste through education, technical support, and strong community participation. A key example is the “Minhoca na Cabeça” program, which has distributed over 2,000 home composting kits with mandatory training, diverting about 32 kg of organic waste per household monthly, as well as school and community composting programs. Informal waste recyclers are integrated through contracts with Comcap for sorting services, ensuring employment and dignified inclusion. 

The city also puts a strong emphasis on sharing best practices, including hosting two Composting Tours, where leaders of waste pickers and municipal managers from the five Brazilian regions were able to observe in practice how the implemented strategies work and discuss the possibility of replicating them in their own territories.

Read the case study

It Takes a Village to Go Zero Waste 

What these five cities’ stories demonstrate is that in order to have a successful zero waste system, no one can be left behind. It takes deep engagement with the public for municipalities to make zero waste work, hand-in-hand with community-based organizations with the technical expertise and outreach capabilities required. Informal workers must be officially recognized for their vital contribution to zero waste systems, and given the wages, benefits, and protections to be able to work with dignity. And finally, it is critical that these best-practices be shared and supported with financial mechanisms that are suitable for community-based, decentralized systems that prioritize upstream solutions over end-of-pipe interventions. The experience of these five cities provide valuable insights for any municipality considering a zero waste plan. The solutions are out there, now it is up to us to scale them. 

GAIA condemns the Environmental Protection Agency‘s (EPA) official revocation of its 2009 Endangerment Finding (“Finding”) under Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act. The Finding was based on decades of overwhelming scientific evidence and legal precedent that greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) endanger public health and welfare. The administration argued that the Clean Air Act does not give it legal authority to regulate GHG, thereby destroying the legal foundation upon which vital climate protections were based.

By decoupling greenhouse gas emissions from the documented harm they do to human and environmental health, the administration is flinging open the door for massive deregulation at the federal level. Their initial stated intent for revoking the Finding is to gut motor vehicle emissions regulations. But it won’t stop there.

On Wednesday, the day before officially revoking the Finding, the administration continued to prop up the coal industry in an Executive Order requiring the Pentagon to source energy from coal-fired power plants, following up on their June 2025  proposed “Repeal of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards for Fossil Fuel-Fired Electric Generating Units.”

For GAIA and our members working at the intersection of waste and environmental justice, this revocation will limit the tools we have to hold polluters accountable and to protect our communities, and especially Black, Brown, and Indigenous communities where polluting infrastructure is most often sited. 

The waste sector is one of the biggest emitters of methane, a greenhouse gas with 82.5 times the warming potential of CO₂ over a 20-year period.  Ending the Finding will take away the authority of the EPA to regulate methane and co-pollutants from landfills, incinerators, and other waste facilities. Additionally, this will stall progress toward true zero waste systems, such as organics diversion, composting, and nontoxic reuse, that cut methane at the source while advancing climate, health, and equity goals. 

Plastics production and disposal are exponentially expanding  GHG emitters. If plastics were a country, it would be the world’s fifth-largest GHG emitter.  Without EPA authority to regulate GHG emissions, the plastics and petrochemical industry will be free to expand all of the processes–including pyrolysis and gasification–that release extensive GHG emissions, in addition to using toxic chemicals.

This decision is so egregious that numerous organizations have promised to sue the administration, which GAIA fully supports. 

#InvestInZeroWaste: Mobilizing resources to support action and accelerate impact

A global celebration of zero waste solutions across Asia and beyond. Join communities, organizations, and changemakers working together for a waste-free future.

collage of GAIA members holding their reusable tumblers for refuse single use day

Manila, Philippines – Environmental network Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives (GAIA) and Break Free From Plastic (BFFP) in Asia Pacific representing thousands of organizations across over 93 countries, express strong disappointment over the Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation’s panel on November 5, 2025 during the 67th Ramon Magsaysay Awards Festival Season in cahoots with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) which further peddle false solutions to the pollution crisis

In a letter addressed to the foundation, the giant environmental network said that this year’s Ramon Magsaysay Awards, which used to be a space for celebrating environmentally sustainable and just solutions, served as a dagger struck into the hearts of communities fighting for their rights to clean air, soil, water, health, and the environment. These communities have firsthand experience of the toxic impacts of waste-to-energy (WtE) plants, and are fighting to have these removed.

During the event, awardee Ms. Shaahina Ali described incineration as a “transitional solution” to plastic pollution. Ali also said that newer WtE technologies address pollution concerns and that these facilities offer the best option for the Maldives. These messages are promoted by international financial institutions (IFIs), such as the ADB, to legitimize incineration as a formal waste management method in the region. WtE releases high levels of greenhouse gases that worsen the climate crisis. It also threatens food and water systems, damages ecosystems, and exposes communities to rising sea levels and more extreme weather.

The civil society organizations emphasize that ADB remains one of the largest financiers and policy architects promoting WtE incineration in the Asia Pacific. Since the Paris Agreement was adopted by countries in 2015, ADB provided USD 15.3 billion to 49 projects with incineration components and policy reforms institutionalizing false solutions such as plastic credits through loans, grants, equity investments, and technical assistance. ADB’s financing for plastic pollution locks countries into a linear and unsustainable model of plastic production.

“In a world where urgent actions are needed to address plastic pollution, debt burdens, and limiting the rise in global temperatures to 1.5 degrees Celsius, we urge the Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation to inhibit from staging unethical, inappropriate, and unjust development alternatives,” said Mayang Azurin, Deputy Director for Campaigns at GAIA Asia Pacific. “RMAF must instead set the development discussions toward empowering community solutions moving toward transformative shifts instead of echoing the agenda of international financial institutions like the ADB and World Bank.”

Civil society organizations also urged the award-giving body to seriously rethink the narratives of what sustainable and just solutions are celebrated in the region by recognizing community voices, and respecting science-based facts and policy directions against what is peddled as solutions by IFIs such as the ADB. International groups offered cross-learning with the award-giving body to navigate complex but solvable problems without resorting to false solutions.

Civil society leaders from the region have this to say:

Marian Ledesma, Zero Waste Campaigner, Greenpeace Philippines, said:

“It is disappointing to see a prestigious award for ethical leadership promote waste-to-energy. This is a false solution that harms communities and distracts from real action on plastic pollution. RMAF must widen its understanding of the crisis. Downstream fixes are outdated, and burning waste is dangerous. Communities and institutions across Asia have already shown that upstream solutions, such as reduction and reuse systems, not only work, but bring benefits to communities.”

Arpita Bhagat, Plastic Policy Officer, GAIA Asia Pacific, said:

“Asian values call for living in balance with nature. Incineration, plastic credits, and offsets do the opposite. They let industries keep polluting while communities bear the cost. These approaches echo a colonial mindset that treats Asia as a dumping ground. By elevating ideas that fuel toxic pollution and the linear take-make-waste model, RMAF undermines the grassroots fight for environmental justice.”

Wahyu Eka Styawan, Campaigner of WALHI Jawa Timur:

“WALHI regrets RMAF’s collaboration with the Asian Development Bank, which is funding waste-to-energy projects in the region. With air quality monitoring support from GAIA, we found PM2.5 spikes around the Benowo WtE plant that exceeded WHO guidelines. This matches Surabaya’s high respiratory infection rates. WtE has worsened environmental and health risks, and ADB’s role in RMAF indirectly reinforces a harmful project.”

Atty. Zelda Soriano, Founder and Executive Director, Community Legal Help and Public Interest Centre (C-HELP), said:

“RMAF has long honored leaders tackling environmental challenges through community-driven, sustainable solutions. This legacy reflects its core mission. Endorsing waste-to-energy technologies promoted by institutions like the ADB would break from that tradition. It would signal a shift away from genuine, people-centered efforts toward approaches that do not advance real sustainability.”

Shey Levita, Campaigner for False Solutions, Ecowaste Coalition:

“It is troubling that RMAF would even consider waste-to-energy incineration as a solution to the plastics crisis. It is the old habit of hiding the problem instead of confronting its root causes. If RMAF wants to honor true Asian excellence, it should uplift community-led, Filipino-driven zero waste solutions, not props that enable shortcut thinking and more environmental harm.”

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Note to Editors

  • Full letter to the Ramon Magsaysay Awards Foundation with the full list of signatories is available here.

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GAIA is a worldwide alliance of more than 1,000 grassroots groups, non-governmental organizations, and individuals in over 90 countries. With our work, we aim to catalyze a global shift towards environmental justice by strengthening grassroots social movements that advance solutions to waste and pollution. We envision a just, zero waste world built on respect for ecological limits and community rights, where people are free from the burden of toxic pollution, and resources are sustainably conserved, not burned or dumped.

#BreakFreeFromPlastic is a global movement envisioning a future free from plastic pollution. Since its launch in 2016, more than 3,500 organizations representing millions of individual supporters around the world, have joined the movement to demand massive reductions in single-use plastics and push for lasting solutions to the plastic pollution crisis. BFFP member organizations and individuals share the values of environmental protection and social justice, and work together through a holistic approach to bring about systemic change. This means tackling plastic pollution across the whole plastics value chain—from extraction to disposal—focusing on prevention rather than cure and providing effective solutions. www.breakfreefromplastic.org

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