About the campaign

For too long, communities living near waste incinerators in the Global South have suffered in the dark. Local governments and regulatory agencies charged with protecting their health have failed to monitor these facilities’ pollution levels, allowing them to continue unchecked. Thick clouds of smoke choke up the places where children play, where the elderly gather, and where workers make their living.

In three communities– Dumaguete City, Philippines, Ogijo, Ogun State Nigeria, and Surabaya City, Indonesia–GAIA members have decided to take matters into their own hands. Equipped with small, portable air quality monitors, volunteers measured the levels of pollutants in the air nearby the facility on a regular basis, sometimes at great personal risk, and witnessed exactly what they were breathing in. The results confirmed their fears. Now community leaders are using this data to call on their local governments to enforce stricter environmental regulations and monitoring for polluting facilities, if not shut them down altogether.

Incinerators cannot continue to pollute communities. It’s time to clear the air. 

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In all of the three monitoring sites, particulate matter levels (PM 2.5 and 10) were much too high for human health and safety. PM2.5 levels were 5-8 times higher and PM 10 were between 3-5 times higher than the guidelines set by the World Health Organization (WHO).

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Particulate matter is a known carcinogen. Because it is so small, particulate matter can easily permeate every organ in the body, with disastrous consequences on human health. The smaller the particle, the greater the risk. PM can cause asthma, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, among other diseases.

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The air quality monitors recorded levels of particulate matter 2.5 and 10 at toxic levels for the vast majority of recorded days, far above the 4 day per year maximum number of emissions exceedances allowed by the WHO guidelines.

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Many of the readings were taken at nearby schools, retirement homes, bodies of water, and farmland, raising concerns that the pollution may be seeping into residents’ food and water, and confirming that those most vulnerable in society–children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing health issues– are particularly exposed.

DUMAGUETE CITY, PHILIPPINES

ABOUT THE FACILITY

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Facility
Central Materials Recovery Facility
Location
Dumaguete City, Philippines
Description
in 2021 the city welcomed a pyrolysis-gasification plant with little to no safeguards. The plant takes waste from the nearby Materials Recovery Facility or MRF, where waste goes once it’s been collected from households. Pyrolysis-gasification burns waste, turning it into a liquid and gas.
Number of affected communities/population
162,871

IMPACTS

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Trash is dumped at the central Material Recovery Facility before being burned, polluting the nearby river.

The PM2.5 concentration level was unhealthy for a portion of the population 24 out of 27 days (88%), and was up to 7 times higher than WHO guidelines, as a result of the facility’s emissions. Researchers estimated that up to 179 premature deaths could be avoided annually by shutting down the pyrolysis plant.

ABOUT THE PROJECT PARTNER

War on Waste (WOW) Negros Oriental is a collection of NGOs, academics and individuals brought together by their passion to help solve waste management challenges in Dumaguete and Negros Oriental.

Project Partner Group

OGIJO, NIGERIA

ABOUT THE FACILITY

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Facility
Real Company
Location
Ogijo, Ogun State Nigeria
Description
The tire “recycling” facility is known for burning tire waste, sometimes secretly in early morning hours. At times the smoke in the community is so thick that it makes it difficult to see.
Number of affected communities/population
11,339

IMPACTS

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The maximum daily average PM2.5 level was up to 5 times higher than WHO guidelines, exceeding the threshold 100% of the monitoring days. Throughout the entire monitoring period (23 days in total), the air quality was unhealthy for a portion of the population.

ABOUT THE PROJECT PARTNER

Green Knowledge Foundation empowers individuals and communities throughout Nigeria to become informed stewards of the environment, driving a shift towards sustainable development through innovative education, collaborative partnerships and impactful initiatives. Their programs include environmental education, climate action, zero waste, anti-plastic pollution, climate smart agriculture, and water sanitation and hygiene.

Project Partner Group

SURABAYA, INDONESIA

ABOUT THE FACILITY

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Facility
Benowo Wate-to-Energy plant (PLTSa)
Location
SURABAYA, INDONESIA
Description
This facility burns waste, in theory to turn it into a gas that can be used for energy, called “gasification.” Since the plant began operating in 2015, communities close by have worried about the smell, and neither the company nor the local government has tested the air emissions for toxic pollutants.
Project Partner
Indonesian Environmental Forum (WALHI)
Number of affected communities/population
11,684, residents of Sumberejo

IMPACTS

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Maximum daily average PM2.5 levels were up to 8 times higher than WHO guidelines, exceeding the threshold 100% of the monitoring days. Throughout the entire mobile monitoring period (31 days in total), the air quality was not considered healthy for a single day.

ABOUT THE PROJECT PARTNER

Indonesian Environmental Forum (WALHI) is the largest environmental movement organization in Indonesia, with a membership of 487 organizations from non-governmental organizations and nature lovers organizations, as well as 203 individual members spread across 28 provinces. Since 1980 until now, WALHI has actively worked to save and restore the environment and human rights throughout the country.

Project Partner Group

TAKE ACTION

Is Your Neighborhood’s Air Quality Safe?

Do you live near a waste incinerator or other industrial facility? Are you concerned that your local government isn’t doing enough to monitor pollution and keep your community safe? You too can use air quality monitors to shine a light on what you and your family are breathing in every day and demand that your elected leaders take action. Let us know if you would like more information and tools to support your future air-quality monitoring campaign!

Get in touch

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News

Learn More About GAIA’s Work

Anti-Incineration

GAIA supports community-led organizing against incinerators and the industry’s climate, health, environmental,
and economic impacts, and promotes the benefits of zero waste. We also produce communications and research
to share data and learnings across countries and regions, and support movement and capacity building to strengthen
local work.

Learn more