07-Resources

 In advance of the fourth round of United Nations negotiations for an international plastics treaty in Ottawa April 23-29, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) has released a groundbreaking study revealing the enormous climate impact of plastic production.

In response to the report, Dr. Neil Tangri, Science and Policy Director at the Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives (GAIA), Dr. Jorge Emmanuel of Siliman University, Philippines, and  Dr. Sam Adu-Kumi, former Director of the Chemicals Control and Management Centre of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Ghana, have penned a policy brief contextualizing LBNL’s findings within the Paris Climate Agreement and global carbon budget, and how this research strengthens the mandate for a strong plastics treaty that dramatically cuts plastic production.

Key Takeaways:

• Plastics’ impact on the climate starts with extraction. To fully capture, measure, evaluate and address the impacts of plastic pollution, assessment and regulatory controls must consider the complete lifecycle, beginning with extraction. 

• Growth in plastic production alone will doom international climate goals. Even if every other source of greenhouse gas emissions – transportation, electricity, agriculture, heavy industry, etc. – were to miraculously and completely decarbonize in 2024, at current growth rates, primary plastic production alone would completely consume the global carbon budget as early as 2060 and no later than 2083. 

• Deep, rapid cuts in plastic production are required by the Paris Agreement. To avoid breaching the 1.5°C limit set by the Paris Agreement, primary plastic production must decrease by at least 12% to 17% per year, starting in 2024. 

Antes de la cuarta ronda de negociaciones de las Naciones Unidas para un tratado global sobre plásticos que se llevará a cabo del 23 al 29 de abril en Ottawa, el Laboratorio Nacional Lawrence Berkeley (LBNL) publicó un estudio pionero que revela el enorme impacto climático de la producción de plástico. La Alianza Global para Alternativas a la Incineración (GAIA) ha preparado un informe de políticas que muestra cuán rápido el mundo debe reducir la producción de plástico para evitar un calentamiento catastrófico. Las conclusiones del informe refuerzan la importancia de que el tratado de plásticos cubra todo el ciclo de vida del plástico, desde la extracción hasta la eliminación, tal como se consagra en el acuerdo entre 175 países -la Resolución 5/14 de la UNEA-, que constituye la base de las conversaciones en relación con el tratado. 

Principales conclusiones: 

• El impacto de los plásticos en el clima comienza con la fase de extracción. El 75% de todas las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero procedentes de la producción de plásticos primarios se producen antes de la etapa de polimerización. Con vistas a comprender, medir, evaluar y abordar en forma cabal el impacto de la contaminación por plásticos, la evaluación y los controles regulatorios deben considerar el ciclo de vida completo, que comienza con la extracción. 

• El incremento en la producción de plástico por sí solo arruinará Dlos objetivos climáticos internacionales. Incluso si todas las demás fuentes de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (transporte, electricidad, agricultura, industria pesada, etc.) se descarbonizaran milagrosa y completamente en 2024, con las tasas de crecimiento actuales, la producción de plásticos primarios por sí sola consumiría por completo el presupuesto mundial de carbono para el año 2060 y, a más tardar, para 2083. 

• Se requieren recortes profundos y rápidos en la producción de plástico conforme lo establecido en el Acuerdo de París. Para evitar superar el límite de 1,5°C establecido en el Acuerdo de París, a partir de 2024, la producción de plásticos primarios debe disminuirse entre al menos 12% y 17% por año. 

CSOs urge ASEAN leaders to take a strong stance in the ongoing negotiations to develop an international legally binding instrument to address plastic pollution, including in the marine environment.

18 April 2024; Jakarta, Indonesia—  Today, the Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives (GAIA) Asia Pacific, together with other civil society organizations including Environmental Justice Foundation and Basel Action Network, transmitted a letter to the office of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Secretariat, calling for ASEAN leadership to take a strong stance in the ongoing negotiations for the global instrument to end plastic pollution.The letter was signed by over 100 civil society organizations (CSOs) from across Asia and the world. 

Delegates from ASEAN member states— together with about 170 member states of the United Nations are set to gather in Ottawa, Canada for the fourth meeting of the International Negotiating Committee  (INC-4) to develop an international legally binding instrument to end plastic pollution, including in the marine environment, from April 23 to 29, 2024. 

Southeast Asia, much of which forms an archipelago with islands severely impacted by marine debris, is also polluted at various stages throughout the plastic supply chain, from the extraction of fossil fuels to manufacturing of plastics and plastic products, transportation, use, and disposal. Countries in Southeast Asia also bear the brunt of continuous illegal plastic waste trade from developed countries, making the region a dumping ground for wastes that are not recyclable. From single-use plastics to microplastics and toxic pollution from incineration, the unabated global plastic production will keep communities in Southeast Asia at the receiving end of a disproportionate burden of toxic pollution unless ASEAN countries take action. 

“ASEAN leaders must take the Global Plastics Treaty as an opportunity for addressing policy gaps on waste dumping and pushing for greater accountability to northern governments whose interest is to keep depicting the region as the most globally polluting to create the fake demands for its polluting waste technologies in various development cooperation mechanisms, all while dumping their plastic waste in our borders,” said Mayang Azurin, Deputy Director for Campaigns of Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives (GAIA) Asia Pacific. “We urge ASEAN to protect the region as the home for empowering, sustainable and proven solutions by ensuring an ambitious Global Plastics Treaty.” 

CSOs from across the region call on ASEAN delegates to step up for a binding treaty that truly addresses pollution across the full life cycle of plastics, prioritizing reduction in global plastic production and phasing out of hazardous chemicals, including polymers that make up plastics. It is time to end decades of waste colonialism; eliminate toxins; ensure transparency and traceability of chemicals across the plastic life cycle; scale up reuse and refill infrastructure; implement extended producer responsibility; safeguard human rights, especially people’s right to health, clean air and water; support just transition; and put an end to false solutions, such as plastic credits and technologies that do not address pollution at source, as well as regrettable plastic substitutes such as biobased plastics which only exacerbate the problem. With only a few months left for treaty negotiations, INC-4 is a crucial reminder for Member States to protect the rights of their people whose livelihoods, well-being, intergenerational and gender justice all hang loose on the fate of the prospective treaty. 

“We call on the ASEAN member countries to negotiate a plastics treaty that contains strong, legally binding control provisions to protect human health and the environment,” said Chinkie Pelino-Golle, International Pollutants Elimination Network (IPEN) Southeast and East Asia Regional Coordinator. “To do so, solutions that prevent adverse impacts on human health and the environment, including the elimination of toxic chemicals and increased transparency and traceability throughout the full life cycle of plastics must be prioritized.”

The groups emphasized how ASEAN can pave the way for an effective treaty, noting the many citizen-led solutions in Southeast Asia and the demonstrated efforts of national governments in the region to implement policies to curb plastic pollution. Now is the time to take these approaches at a global scale with legally binding agreements. 

“ASEAN is pivotal for implementing creative and practical solutions to combat plastic pollution. Yet, for far too long, the region has suffered from an oversupply of problematic, single-use, and unnecessary plastic packaging, often containing unregulated toxic chemicals,” said Salisa Traipipitsiriwat, Senior Campaigner and Southeast Asia Plastic Project Manager of the Environmental Justice Foundation. “Inadequate infrastructure and policy gaps have subjected it to ineffective solutions that keep the business as usual. The Global Plastic Treaty represents a unique chance for ASEAN leaders to demonstrate their ability, commitment, and readiness to address plastic pollution. INC-4 and INC-5 are crucial times for ASEAN leaders—our leaders—to demand a strong and ambitious treaty that puts people and the planet at the forefront.”

After the INC-4, U.N. member states will reconvene in November 2024 in South Korea for the fifth and final round of negotiations. 

Abdul Ghofar, Pollution and Urban Justice Campaigner of Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia (WALHI), said: 

“ASEAN countries have been a place where developed countries dump their waste in the name of waste trade. ASEAN is also the largest market for multinational companies that produce millions of tons of plastic waste, especially sachets. They make profits, while we get problems. The Global Plastic Treaty is a great opportunity for ASEAN countries to show the world that we are not the main source of plastic pollution, but we are the source of solutions to overcome plastic pollution. We as ASEAN citizens hope that ASEAN leaders can lead by example by supporting efforts to end waste colonialism, reduce plastic production and mainstream reuse ecosystems.”

Mageswari Sangaralingam, Senior Research Officer of Consumers' Association of Penang & Sahabat Alam Malaysia, said: 

“It is clear that we cannot recycle our way out of the plastic crisis. Plastic circularity or sustainability are false narratives. The world needs to stop producing unnecessary, hazardous plastics, and reduce plastic production on the whole, all while ensuring a Just Transition for the most vulnerable groups, indigenous communities, and workers across the plastics value chain including, waste pickers, waste workers, and those working in the recycling value chain. ASEAN should be in the forefront as our communities have the solutions to end the plastic crisis.” 

Xuan Quach, Coordinator/Country Director of Vietnam Zero-Waste Alliance/Pacific Environment Vietnam, said: 

“There are many big hurdles to the treaty's progress, one of which is how to ensure a just transition in the treaty's design. This may be related to exemption provisions. There is a great need for scientific research to provide criteria and indicators to determine exemption rights for country members. Break Free From Plastic may propose to include the criteria and indicators for determining exemption rights in the appendix and undertake the development of this set of criteria and indicators. Additionally, a mandatory implementation of provisions on ‘product design, composition and performance’ globally will create an opportunity for all member countries to act together in close cooperation of all stakeholders in the global supply chain towards a sustainable plastic production and consumption.”

• Ce que le CIN-4 pourrait accomplir 
• Règlement intérieur
• Priorités pour la discussion de l'avant-projet révisé en groupes de contact
• Un impôt mondial sur les plastiques
• Responsabilité élargie du producteur
• Compensation, crédits et neutralité plastiques : déclarations fallacieuses et pratiques polluantes
• Transition juste
• Changer les matières ou les systèmes?
• Le piège de la circularité des plastiques
• Le traité sur les matières plastiques et la Convention de Bâle
• Y a-t-il matière à creuser ? Le recyclage chimique à l’aide de la technologie nucléaire
• Définitions

Cuadernillo INC-4:

• Qué se podría lograr en el INC-4
• Reglas de procedimiento
• Prioridades para el debate sobre el Borrador Cero revisado en grupos de contacto
• Un impuesto global a los plásticos
• Responsabilidad extendida del productor
• Compensación plástica, créditos y neutralidad: afirmaciones falsas y prácticas contaminantes
• Transición Justa
• ¿Cambio de materiales o sistemas?
• La trampa de la economía circular
• El tratado de plásticos y el Convenio de Basilea
• “¿Hay algo ahí?” Reciclaje químico asistido por energía nuclear
• Definiciones 

This booklet serves as a comprehensive guide to the plastics treaty negotiations (INC-4) in Ottawa, complete with primers on:

• What the INC-4 could achieve
• The rules of procedure
• Priorities for zero draft discussion in contact groups
• A global plastics tax
• Extended Producer Responsibility
• plastics offsetting, credits, and neutrality: false claims and polluting practices
• Just Transition
• Switching materials or systems?
• The plastics circularity trap
• The plastics treaty and the Basel Convention
• "Is there anything there?" Nuclear-assisted chemical recycling
• Definitions

Batangas City, close to Manila, is popular for short visits due to its mix of city life and coastal beauty. It's a hub for many activities like recreation, business, and education. The city covers a large area with many neighborhoods, including some on Verde Island, a famous marine reserve. You can reach Batangas City from Manila by boat in about 90 minutes or by ferry in 25 minutes. The city's population was around 351,437 in 2020, but it grows on weekends when tourists come to relax.

To deal with the growing amount of garbage caused by more people visiting, Batangas City has been working hard. They follow national laws on waste management and even created their own rules before partnering with the Mother Earth Foundation for a Zero Waste program. In 2010, they made a detailed plan to manage waste for the next 10 years. They also passed laws to regulate the use of plastic and styrofoam and set up places to recycle materials in every neighborhood. This shows their commitment to keeping their city clean and green.

Reaching New Heights Through Zero Waste presents the city's journey towards zero waste.

Esta memoria es un compilado del trabajo realizado por GAIA y sus miembros en América Latina durante el año 2023.

Magdalena Donoso, Coordinadora regional

2023 fue un año turbulento al que miramos con perplejidad, mientras nos volvemos a componer para enfrentar con realismo un mundo que nos sigue sorprendiendo con su belleza, el milagro de sus perfectos ritmos, y por el que resistimos las amenazas que lo destruyen.
Hace unos días escuchaba una canción que decía “me da miedo la enormidad donde nadie oye mi voz”. Y pensé que al leer las páginas de nuestra memoria, ese miedo se evapora decididamente porque en ellas está la constatación de que no estamos solos ni solas. Nos tenemos como movimiento y la energía se multiplica cuando la usamos en favor de nuestra causa común. Mientras más adverso el panorama, más fuerzas, más unión y más movimiento necesitamos para mantener vigorosas nuestras luchas. Mientras más difíciles las luchas, más ternura y confianza debemos forjar entre nosotros. Es parte silenciosa y fundamental de la fuerza que nos alienta.

Leer estas páginas no hace más que revitalizar la esperanza, esa fuerza que llena de luz hasta los más oscuros senderos, y colmarnos de gratitud por lo que somos, y por lo que todavía no somos y estamos construyendo. Démonos las gracias por el cuidado, el tiempo y el amor que destinamos todos los días a las luchas que nos unen y a este espacio que nos acoge, nuestra alianza, nuestra GAIA.

Autores
Victor Hugo Argentino de Morais Vieira
Laís Ferreira dos Santos

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar una investigación de carácter exploratoria y no exhaustiva para identificar los sistemas de compostaje en las comunidades brasileñas que operan fuera de la lógica convencional pública y/o privada. Específicamente, el enfoque del estudio está en los sistemas de compostaje donde el RSU orgánico es un bien generador de valor social para grupos marginalizados, como recicladoras y recicladores, agricultoras y agricultores, y otras formas de organización de la sociedad civil.

Los proyectos identificados fueron sometidos a entrevistas semiestructuradas para la recolección de datos, seguidas de un análisis. Después de esta etapa, se presentaron los resultados preliminares a un grupo de líderes de recicladores de la ciudad de San Pablo para evaluación y discusión, con el objeto de co-construir el conocimiento a partir de las informaciones reunidas. Esta etapa fue fundamental para dar formato al presente contenido.
Los detalles metodológicos y la totalidad de la información recopilada se puede consultar de manera digital en la página del estudio, en el sitio web (https://polis.org.br/estudos/novos-modelos-composta-gem/).

Aliansi Zero Waste Indonesia (AZWI) is an alliance of organizations in Indonesia dedicated to advancing the implementation of the Zero Waste concept. Facing the persistent challenge of waste pollution amidst governmental support for waste-to-energy facilities, AZWI emerged from the collaborative efforts of diverse organizations with a shared vision. The alliance, born from conversations initiated during the Break Free From Plastic (BFFP) movement, solidified its formation after successfully challenging a presidential decree supporting waste-to-energy projects via a Judicial Review.

Comprised initially of nine organizations, AZWI has grown to include ten members, each contributing unique expertise and perspectives to the alliance. Recognizing the necessity of unity and synergy, AZWI members emphasize the importance of complementing one another's efforts and leveraging collective resources towards shared goals.

Despite early challenges and occasional conflicts, AZWI has established foundational principles, governance structures, and conflict resolution mechanisms to sustain its collective efforts. Through annual meetings, prioritization of key issues, and a dedicated secretariat, the alliance continues to strategize and adapt to evolving circumstances.

Key learnings from AZWI's alliance-building journey underscore the significance of relationship-building, resource allocation, capacity-building for smaller organizations, and a commitment to continuous learning and adaptation. By fostering an atmosphere of trust, cooperation, and mutual respect, AZWI strives to realize its vision of a zero waste Indonesia.

In conclusion, AZWI exemplifies the transformative power of collective action in addressing complex environmental challenges, offering valuable insights for alliance-building initiatives worldwide.

The EcoWaste Coalition emerged as a pivotal force in the Philippine environmental landscape, originating from the victory of the Clean Air Act in 1999, which banned incineration. Initially known as the Clean Air Coalition, it comprised various environmental groups, communities, and support organizations advocating clean air legislation. Its members included Greenpeace International, Mother Earth Foundation, and church-based organizations.

Driven by the success of the fight against incineration, the coalition shifted focus to solid waste management, particularly amidst the closure of the notorious Smokey Mountain dumpsite and proposals for incinerators. This transition led to the formation of the EcoWaste Coalition, unified by a vision of Zero Waste by 2020, aiming to counter landfill projects and mainstream sustainable waste management practices.

Key action points included stopping incineration, reducing garbage volume and toxicity, intensifying recycling, and developing recycling markets. Task forces were established to address various waste-related issues, leading to collaborations with international organizations like Greenpeace and GAIA.

Over its 22-year history, EcoWaste expanded geographically and thematically, engaging in campaigns beyond waste management. Structural changes and regional empowerment initiatives addressed challenges such as organizational growth, internal relations, and sustaining member participation.

Facing external threats from political shifts, the coalition remained resilient, adapting its strategies while maintaining advocacy for environmental and social justice. Operational improvements were pursued by institutionalizing planning and monitoring, ensuring accountability and efficiency.

The coalition's success stemmed from its Unity Statement, providing a common agenda, and its inclusive structure, fostering meaningful member engagement. By leveraging collective strengths and addressing shared challenges, EcoWaste exemplifies the importance of alliance-building in achieving impactful social change in the Philippines.

Environmental justice is key to ensuring climate solutions that are fair, just, and sustainable in the future. Up until now, and despite its importance, there has been no central set of values and principles to guide decision-makers in order to ensure that the right steps are being taken to incorporate justice into national plans for methane reduction. The Framework includes a vision for systems change towards zero waste, climate justice, and quick action on methane reduction. Furthermore, it outlines five EJ principles for the waste sector. It is also complemented with guidance for policymakers and checklists for NDCs that are anchored to the five principles. Successful implementation of organic waste diversion in line with EJ principles builds community, waste worker, and local government buy-in and demonstrates the practical effectiveness of these strategies, including important co-benefits in livelihoods and environmental health.